Harnessing Synchronous Photothermal and Photocatalytic Effects of Substoichiometric MoO3-x Nanoparticle-Decorated Membranes for Clean Water Generation.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation provides a promising pathway for sustainable freshwater and energy generation. However, developing highly efficient photothermal and photocatalytic nanomaterials is challenging. Herein, substoichiometric molybdenum oxide (MoO3-x) nanoparticles are synthesized via step-by-step reduction treatment of l-cysteine under mild conditions for simultaneous photothermal conversion and photocatalytic reactions. The MoO3-x nanoparticles of low reduction degree are decorated on hydrophilic cotton cloth to prepare a MCML evaporator toward rapid water production, pollutant degradation, as well as electricity generation. The obtained MCML evaporator has a strong local light-to-heat effect, which can be attributed to excellent photothermal conversion via the local surface plasmon resonance effect in MoO3-x nanoparticles and the low heat loss of the evaporator. Meanwhile, the rich surface area of MoO3-x nanoparticles and the localized photothermal effect together effectively accelerate the photocatalytic degradation reaction of the antibiotic tetracycline. With the benefit of these advantages, the MCML evaporator attains a superior evaporation rate of 4.14 kg m-2 h-1, admirable conversion efficiency of 90.7%, and adequate degradation efficiency of 96.2% under 1 sun irradiation. Furthermore, after being rationally assembled with a thermoelectric module, the hybrid device can be employed to generate 1.0 W m-2 of electric power density. This work presents an effective complementary strategy for freshwater production and sewage treatment as well as electricity generation in remote and off-grid regions.

Experiences of returning to work in patients with schizophrenia after treatment: A longitudinal qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Returning to work (RTW) has always been regarded as one of the important indicators to evaluate the therapeutic effect of patients with schizophrenia. The existing studies on RTW in patients with schizophrenia are mostly focused on intervention measures, and the qualitative research on RTW is very limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experience of the RTW after treatment in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: A longitudinal qualitative study was conducted involving 24 patients with schizophrenia in China. The interviews were held at three time-points during their RTW process, (1) when patients had improved and were close to discharge, (2) within 1 month post-discharge, and (3) 6 months post-discharge. The interview recordings were transcribed by the research team, and transcripts were independently analyzed by two independent coders using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 24 patients with schizophrenia participated in 72 personal interviews. The thematic framework based on the experience of patients with schizophrenia reveals a three-phases of the process of RTW: improved, being at a loss, and job crisis. The study identified one theme of the first phase: the expectation and optimism. Two themes in the second phase: (1) psychological distress of upcoming work; (2) expectation of assistance pre-work. And four themes in the third phase: (1) tremendous pressure of RTW; (2) lack of medical and social support; (3) social status and interpersonal relationships change; and (4) high level of financial pressure. CONCLUSION: The experience of RTW is a dynamic process with great challenges in each phase, patients with schizophrenia have been deeply affected by what they have experienced. There is an urgent need to ensure that existing community and social support is integrated into daily care to support patients with schizophrenia to RTW successful. The findings of this study also suggest relevant departments and employers should be aware of the barriers to RTW for patients with schizophrenia, and take certain measures to change the current situation.

Hierarchically porous cellulose-based carbon aerogels with N-doped skeletons and encapsulated iron-based catalysts for efficient tetracycline catalytic degradation.

Three-dimensional interpenetrating and hierarchically porous carbon material is an efficient catalyst support in water remediation and it is still a daunting challenge to establish the relationship between hierarchically porous structure and catalytic degradation performance. Herein, a highly porous silica (SiO2)/cellulose-based carbon aerogel with iron-based catalyst (FexOy) was fabricated by in-situ synthesis, freeze-drying and pyrolysis, where the addition of SiO2 induced the hierarchically porous morphology and three-dimensional interpenetrating sheet-like network with nitrogen doping. The destruction of cellulose crystalline structure by SiO2 and the iron-catalyzed breakdown of glycosidic bonds synergistically facilitated the formation of electron-rich graphite-like carbon skeleton. The unique microstructure is confirmed to be favorable for the diffusion of reactants and electron transport during catalytic process, thus boosting the catalytic degradation performance of carbon aerogels. As a result, the catalytic degradation efficiency of tetracycline under light irradiation by adding only 5 mg of FexOy/SiO2 cellulose carbon aerogels was as high as 90 % within 60 min, demonstrating the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and Fenton reaction. This ingenious structure design provides new insight into the relationship between hierarchically porous structure of carbon aerogels and their catalytic degradation performance, and opens a new avenue to develop cellulose-based carbon aerogel catalysts with efficient catalytic performance.

Factors related to suicidal ideation of schizophrenia patients in China: a study based on decision tree and logistic regression model.

This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with suicidal ideation in schizophrenia patients in China using decision tree and logistic regression models. From October 2020 to March 2022, patients with schizophrenia were chosen from Chifeng Anding Hospital and Daqing Third Hospital in Heilongjiang Province. A total of 300 patients with schizophrenia who met the inclusion criteria were investigated by questionnaire. The questionnaire covered general data, suicidal ideation, childhood trauma, social support, depressive symptoms and psychological resilience. Logistic regression analysis revealed that childhood trauma and depressive symptoms were risk factors for suicidal ideation in schizophrenia (OR = 2.330, 95%CI: 1.177 ~ 4.614; OR = 10.619, 95%CI: 5.199 ~ 21.688), while psychological resilience was a protective factor for suicidal ideation in schizophrenia (OR = 0.173, 95%CI: 0.073 ~ 0.409). The results of the decision tree model analysis demonstrated that depressive symptoms, psychological resilience and childhood trauma were influential factors for suicidal ideation in patients with schizophrenia (p < 0.05). The area under the ROC for the logistic regression model and the decision tree model were 0.868 (95% CI: 0.821 ~ 0.916) and 0.863 (95% CI: 0.814 ~ 0.912) respectively, indicating excellent accuracy of the models. Meanwhile, the logistic regression model had a sensitivity of 0.834 and a specificity of 0.743 when the Youden index was at its maximum. The decision tree model had a sensitivity of 0.768 and a specificity of 0.8. Decision trees in combination with logistic regression models are of high value in the study of factors influencing suicidal ideation in schizophrenia patients.

Augmented drug resistance of osteosarcoma cells within decalcified bone matrix scaffold: The role of glutamine metabolism.

Due to the lack of a precise in vitro model that can mimic the nature microenvironment in osteosarcoma, the understanding of its resistance to chemical drugs remains limited. Here, we report a novel three-dimensional model of osteosarcoma constructed by seeding tumor cells (MG-63 and MNNG/HOS Cl no. 5) within demineralized bone matrix scaffolds. Demineralized bone matrix scaffolds retain the original components of the natural bone matrix (hydroxyapatite and collagen type I), and possess good biocompatibility allowing osteosarcoma cells to proliferate and aggregate into clusters within the pores. Growing within the scaffold conferred elevated resistance to doxorubicin on MG-63 and MNNG/HOS Cl no. 5 cell lines as compared to two-dimensional cultures. Transcriptomic analysis showed an increased enrichment for drug resistance genes along with enhanced glutamine metabolism in osteosarcoma cells in demineralized bone matrix scaffolds. Inhibition of glutamine metabolism resulted in a decrease in drug resistance of osteosarcoma, which could be restored by α-ketoglutarate supplementation. Overall, our study suggests that microenvironmental cues in demineralized bone matrix scaffolds can enhance osteosarcoma drug responses and that targeting glutamine metabolism may be a strategy for treating osteosarcoma drug resistance.

Association between viral infections and glioma risk: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.

BACKGROUND: Glioma is one of the leading types of brain tumor, but few etiologic factors of primary glioma have been identified. Previous observational research has shown an association between viral infection and glioma risk. In this study, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the direction and magnitude of the causal relationship between viral infection and glioma. METHODS: We conducted a two-sample bidirectional MR analysis using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Summary statistics data of glioma were collected from the largest meta-analysis GWAS, involving 12,488 cases and 18,169 controls. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with exposures were used as instrumental variables to estimate the causal relationship between glioma and twelve types of viral infections from corresponding GWAS data. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: After correcting for multiple tests and sensitivity analysis, we detected that genetically predicted herpes zoster (caused by Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection) significantly decreased risk of low-grade glioma (LGG) development (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.96, P = 0.01, FDR = 0.04). No causal effects of the other eleven viral infections on glioma and reverse causality were detected. CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the first and largest studies in this field. We show robust evidence supporting that genetically predicted herpes zoster caused by VZV infection reduces risk of LGG. The findings of our research advance understanding of the etiology of glioma.

Causal relationship between gut microbiota and myasthenia gravis: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Observational studies have demonstrated an association between gut microbiota and myasthenia gravis; however, the causal relationship between the two still lacks clarity. Our goals are to ascertain the existence of a bidirectional causal relationship between gut microbiota composition and myasthenia gravis, and to investigate how gut microbiota plays a role in reducing the risk of myasthenia gravis. METHODS: We acquired gut microbiota data at the phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels from the MiBioGen consortium (N = 18,340) and myasthenia gravis data from the FinnGen Research Project (426 cases and 373,848 controls). In the two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, we assessed the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and myasthenia gravis. We also conducted bidirectional MR analysis to determine the direction of causality. The inverse variance weighted, mendelian randomization-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were used to test the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and severe myasthenia gravis. We used MR-Egger intercept and Cochran's Q test to assess for pleiotropy and heterogeneity, respectively. Furthermore, we utilized the MR-PRESSO method to evaluate horizontal pleiotropy and detect outliers. RESULTS: In the forward analysis, the inverse-variance weighted method revealed that there is a positive correlation between the genus Lachnoclostridium (OR = 2.431,95%CI 1.047-5.647, p = 0.039) and the risk of myasthenia gravis. Additionally, the family Clostridiaceae1 (OR = 0.424,95%CI 0.202-0.889, p = 0.023), family Defluviitaleaceae (OR = 0.537,95%CI 0.290-0.995, p = 0.048), family Enterobacteriaceae (OR = 0.341,95%CI 0.135-0.865, p = 0.023), and an unknown genus (OR = 0.407,95%CI 0.209-0.793, p = 0.008) all demonstrated negative correlation with the risk of developing myasthenia gravis. Futhermore, reversed Mendelian randomization analysis proved a negative correlation between the risk of myasthenia gravis and genus Barnesiella (OR = 0.945,95%CI 0.906-0.985, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Our research yielded evidence of a causality connection in both directions between gut microbiota and myasthenia gravis. We identified specific types of microbes associated with myasthenia gravis, which offers a fresh window into the pathogenesis of this disease and the possibility of developing treatment strategies. Nonetheless, more studies, both basic and clinical, are necessary to elucidate the precise role and therapeutic potential of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis.

Alterations in Helios+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients: Implications for early diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the changes and significance of circulating Helios-associated T cell subsets in patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 35 healthy controls and 34 patients with early-stage LUAD. Flow cytometry was used to analyze various CD4+ T cell subsets, including regulatory T(Treg) cells, follicular regulatory T(Tfr) cells, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, and conventional T (con-T) cells. Correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the association of Helios-related subsets with clinical indicators. The ROC curve was used to explore the potential clinical value of Helios+ T cell subsets in the screening of patients with early LUAD. Fifteen of these patients were tracked after lung cancer resection and changes in Helios+ T cell subsets before and after treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: The percentage and absolute number of Tregs were up-regulated in LUAD patients while Tfh and con-T cells expressing Helios were down-regulated. Absolute counts of Tfr and con-T cells and Helios expression in Tfr and Treg decreased significantly after resection. Helios+ Tfh and con-T were negatively correlated with certain tumor markers. Areas under the curve (AUCs) of percentages and absolute counts of Helios+ Tfh, Treg, Tfr and con-T cells to distinguish early LUAD from healthy individuals were 0.7277, 0.5697, 0.5718, 0.7210 (percentages), 0.7336, 0.7378, 0.5908 and 0.7445(absolute numbers), respectively. CONCLUSION: Helios+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood of early-stage LUAD patients has changed significantly, which may be related to the pathogenesis of LUAD and could help for early diagnosis of LUAD.

Development of an MCL-1-related prognostic signature and inhibitors screening for glioblastoma.

Introduction: The effect of the conventional treatment methods of glioblastoma (GBM) is poor and the prognosis of patients is poor. The expression of MCL-1 in GBM is significantly increased, which shows a high application value in targeted therapy. In this study, we predicted the prognosis of glioblastoma patients, and therefore constructed MCL-1 related prognostic signature (MPS) and the development of MCL-1 small molecule inhibitors. Methods: In this study, RNA-seq and clinical data of 168 GBM samples were obtained from the TCGA website, and immunological analysis, differential gene expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis were performed. Subsequently, MCL-1-associated prognostic signature (MPS) was constructed and validated by LASSO Cox analysis, and a nomogram was constructed to predict the prognosis of patients. Finally, the 17931 small molecules downloaded from the ZINC15 database were screened by LibDock, ADME, TOPKAT and CDOCKER modules and molecular dynamics simulation in Discovery Studio2019 software, and two safer and more effective small molecule inhibitors were finally selected. Results: Immunological analysis showed immunosuppression in the MCL1_H group, and treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors had a positive effect. Differential expression gene analysis identified 449 differentially expressed genes. Build and validate MPS using LASSO Cox analysis. Use the TSHR HIST3H2A, ARGE OSMR, ARHGEF25 build risk score, proved that low risk group of patients prognosis is better. Univariate and multivariate analysis proved that risk could be used as an independent predictor of patient prognosis. Construct a nomogram to predict the survival probability of patients at 1,2,3 years. Using a series of computer-aided techniques, two more reasonable lead compounds ZINC000013374322 and ZINC000001090002 were virtually selected. These compounds have potential inhibitory effects on MCL-1 and provide a basis for the design and further development of MCL-1 specific small molecule inhibitors. Discussion: This study analyzed the effect of MCL-1 on the prognosis of glioblastoma patients from the perspective of immunology, constructed a new prognostic model to evaluate the survival rate of patients, and further screened 2 MCL-1 small molecule inhibitors, which provides new ideas for the treatment and prognosis of glioblastoma.

Perception of risk of relapse among patients with first episode and recurrent schizophrenia: a descriptive phenomenological study.

BACKGROUND: Patients suffering from schizophrenia are at a higher risk of relapse. The perception of the risk of relapse in patients is critical for relapse prevention. In the field of psychiatry, the study of risk perception of relapse has been neglected. METHODS: We carried out a qualitative study using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Data were collected at two psychiatric hospitals in China. In total, 22 patients with schizophrenia were recruited through purposive sampling. Face to face semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. Interview recordings were transcribed by the research team, and transcripts were analysed by two independent coders with Colaizzi's descriptive analysis framework. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist were used for reporting. RESULTS: The data of first-episode patients yielded three themes: (i) lack of knowledge about disease recognition and medical treatment; (ii) overoptimistic estimation of the risk of relapse; (iii) perceived importance of treatment. For first-relapse patients : (i) initial awareness of relapse warning signs; (ii) lack of systematic and accurate assessment of disease information; (iii) the perception that drug withdrawal is related to relapse. Patients with multiple relapses: (i) susceptibility to relapse: confusion and powerlessness; (ii) the severity of relapse: suicidal thoughts and behavior; (iii) effects of perceived benefits and barriers of medication behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: In schizophrenic patients with first-episode, first-relapse, and multiple relapses, there were dynamic changes in the perception of disease relapse risk and medication behaviour. Medical workers must improve risk awareness education. They should provide patients with scientific, accurate, and timely communication channels, and dynamically assess and manage the risk of relapse in various patients.

Heart Rate Variability Parameter Changes in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Intravenous Thrombolysis.

Background Autonomic dysfunction has been revealed in patients with acute ischemic stroke and is associated with poor prognosis. However, autonomic nervous system function assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) and its relationship with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) remain unknown. Methods and Results Patients who did and did not undergo IVT between September 2016 and August 2021 were prospectively and consecutively recruited. HRV values were measured at 1 to 3 and 7 to 10 days after stroke to assess autonomic nervous system function. A modified Rankin scale score ≥2 at 90 days was defined as an unfavorable outcome. Finally, the analysis included 466 patients; 224 underwent IVT (48.1%), and 242 did not (51.9%). Linear regression showed a positive correlation of IVT with parasympathetic activation-related HRV parameters at 1 to 3 days (high frequency: ß=0.213, P=0.002) and with both sympathetic (low frequency: ß=0.152, P=0.015) and parasympathetic activation-related HRV parameters (high frequency: ß=0.153, P=0.036) at 7 to 10 days after stroke. Logistic regression showed HRV values and autonomic function within 1 to 3 and 7 to 10 days after stroke were independently associated with 3-month unfavorable outcomes after adjusting for confounders in patients who underwent IVT (all P<0.05). Furthermore, addition of HRV parameters to conventional risk factors significantly improved risk-predictive ability of 3-month outcome (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve significantly improved from 0.784 [0.723-0.846] to 0.855 [0.805-0.906], P=0.002). Conclusions IVT positively affected HRV and autonomic nervous system activity, and autonomic function assessed by HRV in acute stroke phase was independently associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients undergoing IVT.

Insights into Advanced Neurological Dysfunction Mechanisms Following DBS Surgery in Parkinson's Patients: Neuroinflammation and Pyroptosis.

Parkinson's disease is a severe neurodegenerative disorder. Currently, deep brain electrical stimulation (DBS) is the first line of surgical treatment. However, serious neurological impairments such as speech disorders, disturbances of consciousness, and depression after surgery limit the efficacy of treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent experimental and clinical studies that have explored the possible causes of neurological deficits after DBS. Furthermore, we tried to identify clues from oxidative stress and pathological changes in patients that could lead to the activation of microglia and astrocytes in DBS surgical injury. Notably, reliable evidence supports the idea that neuroinflammation is caused by microglia and astrocytes, which may contribute to caspase-1 pathway-mediated neuronal pyroptosis. Finally, existing drugs and treatments may partially ameliorate the loss of neurological function in patients following DBS surgery by exerting neuroprotective effects.

A comparative study of the cognitive load of basic-level category, superordinate category and subordinate category.

Some cognitive linguists (Rosch et al. Cognit Psychol 8:382-439, 1976; Ungerer and Schmid An introduction to cognitive linguistics, Pearson Education Limited, London, England, 2006) believe the basic level category has cognitive economy because the basic level category allows obtaining the maximum amount of information about an item with the lowest cognitive effort. Whether it is also true for L2 learners has not been verified so far. This study examined whether Chinese English learners' cognitive load of basic level category is lower than that of superordinate category and subordinate category. The eye movement data, including that of total duration of fixations, total number of fixations, duration of first fixation, and average duration of fixations, generated by 31 Chinese English learners while reading sentences with different levels of category words, were collected and analyzed. The results showed that Chinese English learners' cognitive load of the basic level category was the lowest. This study provides cross-linguistic experimental evidence for the basic level category theory, and also shows the cognitive economy of basic level categories is an intrinsic psychological property, no matter whether it is the first language or the second language that the readers use.

DL-3-n-butylphthalide Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Omi/HtrA2-Mediated Apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide and results from inadequate cerebrovascular blood supply; mitochondrial dysfunction plays an essential role in its pathogenesis. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is an effective medicine for ischemic stroke that reduces cell apoptosis and improves long-term prognosis. OBJECTIVE: Whether and how NBP regulates mitochondria-associated apoptosis in cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury remains unclear. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke and treated with low (20 mg/kg) or high (80 mg/kg) concentrations of NBP. The Omi/HtrA2 inhibitor UCF-101 was used as a positive control. Cerebral infarction, neuron injury and neuronal apoptosis were assessed to determine the efficacy of NBP compared to UCF-101. We assessed the expression of the Omi/HtrA2 signaling pathway by western blotting and tested the mRNA expression of mitochondrial metabolism-related genes by PCR. RESULTS: Compared to the MCAO group, both low and high concentrations of NBP substantially improved cerebral infarction, neuron injury, and neuronal apoptosis; high concentrations of NBP were more potent than low concentrations. The expression of proteins of the mitochondrial Omi/HtrA2 signaling pathway, including Omi/HtrA2, XIAP, PARL, OPA1, CHOP, and ClpP, was inhibited in the NBP group. CONCLUSION: Overall, early application of NBP attenuated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrial Omi/HtrA2-mediated apoptosis in rats. Our study supports a novel neuroprotective mechanism of NBP, making it a promising therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke.

Evolution and prediction of drought-flood abrupt alternation events in Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin, China.

Drought-flood abrupt alternation (DFAA) as a compound natural disaster can cause severe socioeconomic loss and environmental destruction. Under climate change, the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin has experienced evident increases in temperature and variability of precipitation. However, the study of the evolution characteristics of DFAA in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin is limited and the risk of exposure to DFAA events under future climatic conditions should be comprehensively assessed. In this study, the DFAA events including drought to flood (DTF) and flood to drought (FTD) events in the Yellow River Basin (YRB), Huai River Basin (HuRB), and Hai River Basin (HaRB) are identified by the long-cycle drought-flood abrupt alternation index (LDFAI) and the temporal variation and spatial distribution of the number and intensity of DFAA events from 1961 to 2020 are examined. The 24 climate model simulations of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) are used to evaluate the variation of DFAA events based on the bias-corrected method. The results show that both DTF and FTD events occurred >10 times in most areas of the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin from 1961 to 2020, and severe DFAA events occurred more frequently in the HaRB. The occurrence of DTF events decreased and FTD events continuously increased in the YRB, while they showed opposite trends in the HuRB and HaRB. In the future, the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin is projected to experience more DTF events under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios, while more FTD events under the SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Most areas in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin are projected to be at medium or high risk of the frequency and intensity of DFAA events under different future scenarios, especially in the central part of the YRB. These findings can provide scientific reference to the formulation of management policies and mitigation strategies.

Can Translation Equivalents in L1 Activated by L2 Produce Homophonic Interference: An Eye Movement Study of Cross-Language Lexical Activation in Chinese English Learners.

This study used an eye-tracking method to examine whether Chinese translation equivalents activated by English prime words can continue to activate their Chinese homophones. With 30 English prime words, and 60 Chinese target words as materials, the experiment used a Tobii eye-tracking device to collect data from 30 university students while completing an English-Chinese lexical semantic-judgment task, aimed at investigating whether (1) when Chinese English learners see the English words, they can activate the homophones of Chinese translation equivalents; and (2) there is a word frequency effect in cross-language lexical activation, i.e., Chinese translation equivalents with different word frequencies have different effects on the activation speed. Compared with low-frequency Chinese translation equivalents, high-frequency Chinese equivalents can facilitate the activation faster and easier. The two research hypotheses were confirmed on several eye movement indicators, supporting the cross-language lexical activation as well as word-frequency effect of Chinese translation equivalents. This is also the first verification of cross-language dual-link lexical activation which engage both semantics and phonology, indicating that L2-L1 semantic activation has strong stability for further phonological activation.

Regenerated cellulose as template for in-situ synthesis of monoclinic titanium dioxide nanocomposite carbon aerogel towards multiple application in water treatment.

Immobilizing catalyst system faces the challenge of balancing catalysts stability and exposure of active site in water treatment. In this study, a novel in-situ synthesis of monoclinic phase of titanium dioxide (TiO2(B)) in cellulose-derived carbon aerogel (TCA) is proposed for processing multi-task in water treatment. The homogeneous gelation reaction supported the high dispersion of TiO2(B) in carbon skeleton. Meanwhile, TiO2 acts as crosslinker to reinforce cellulose network, then the grain refinement of amorphous TiO2 is limited to obtain TiO2(B) during carbonization. Benefiting from the reinforced structure, TCA remains the porous structure after carbonization and exposes more adsorption site than carbon aerogel blended with anatase particles (ACA). The adsorption performance of TCA are 837.3 mg/g, 1156.2 mg/g and 512.6 mg/g on methylene blue, malachite green and crystal violet, respectively. Compared with ACA, the superior interaction between TiO2 and graphite-like carbon improves the degradation rate of tetracycline from 1.3 × 10-3 min-1 to 8.6 × 10-3 min-1, and maintains the degradation efficiency in 3 rounds cyclic test. Besides, TCA also exhibits nearly twice to ACA on absorption capacity of different oil. This facile in-situ synthesis method offers a new insight in fabricating carbon aerogel immobilized photocatalysts system for multi-task in water treatment.

Predicting glioblastoma molecular subtypes and prognosis with a multimodal model integrating convolutional neural network, radiomics, and semantics.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to build a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based prediction model of glioblastoma (GBM) molecular subtype diagnosis and prognosis with multimodal features. METHODS: In total, 222 GBM patients were included in the training set from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) and 107 GBM patients were included in the validation set from SYSUCC, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, and the First Hospital of Jilin University. The multimodal model was trained with MR images (pre- and postcontrast T1-weighted images and T2-weighted images), corresponding MRI impression, and clinical patient information. First, the original images were segmented using the Multimodal Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Benchmark toolkit. Convolutional features were extracted using 3D residual deep neural network (ResNet50) and convolutional 3D (C3D). Radiomic features were extracted using pyradiomics. Report texts were converted to word embedding using word2vec. These three types of features were then integrated to train neural networks. Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were used to evaluate the model performance. RESULTS: The C3D-based model yielded the highest accuracy of 91.11% in the prediction of IDH1 mutation status. Importantly, the addition of semantics improved precision by 11.21% and recall in MGMT promoter methylation status prediction by 14.28%. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the C3D-based model in the IDH1, ATRX, MGMT, and 1-year prognosis groups were 0.976, 0.953, 0.955, and 0.976, respectively. In external validation, the C3D-based model showed significant improvement in accuracy in the IDH1, ATRX, MGMT, and 1-year prognosis groups, which were 88.30%, 76.67%, 85.71%, and 85.71%, respectively (compared with 3D ResNet50: 83.51%, 66.67%, 82.14%, and 70.79%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The authors propose a novel multimodal model integrating C3D, radiomics, and semantics, which had a great performance in predicting IDH1, ATRX, and MGMT molecular subtypes and the 1-year prognosis of GBM.

Characterization of somatic structural variations in 528 Chinese individuals with Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) demonstrates high genome instability. Here, we analyze 528 whole genomes to investigate structural variations' mechanisms and biological functions. SVs show multi-mode distributions in size, indicating distinct mutational processes. We develop a tool and define five types of complex rearrangements with templated insertions. We highlight a type of fold-back inversion, which is associated with poor outcomes. Distinct rearrangement signatures demonstrate variable genomic metrics such as replicating time, spatial proximity, and chromatin accessibility. Specifically, fold-back inversion tends to occur near the centrosome; TD-c2 (Tandem duplication-cluster2) is significantly enriched in chromatin-accessibility and early-replication region compared to other signatures. Analyses of TD-c2 signature reveal 9 TD hotspots, of which we identify a hotspot consisting of a super-enhancer of PTHLH. We confirm the oncogenic effect of the PTHLH gene and its interaction with enhancers through functional experiments. Finally, extrachromosomal circular DNAs (ecDNAs) are present in 14% of ESCCs and have strong selective advantages to driver genes.

Plant-Mimetic Vertical-Channel Hydrogels for Synergistic Water Purification and Interfacial Water Evaporation.

The integration of renewable solar energy-driven interfacial evaporation and photocatalysis has recently emerged as one of the most promising technologies for simultaneous freshwater production and pollutant removal. However, the construction of an advanced integrated system with the merit of a fast supply of water and pollutant molecules remains challenging for efficient solar-driven evaporation and photocatalytic performance. Herein, inspired by the transpiration of plants, we fabricate a biomimetic, vertically channeled polypyrrole/foam-like carbon nitride/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PCH) by directional freeze-drying. We prove that the vertically aligned channels not only reduce heat loss and improve energy conversion efficiency but also facilitate the transport of water and organic pollutants to the air-water interface. Benefiting from the advantages above, the PCH evaporator presents a high solar evaporation efficiency of 92.5%, with the evaporation rate achieving 2.27 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 kW m-2 irradiation, exceeding many advanced interfacial solar-driven evaporators. Meanwhile, PCH reaches a degradation efficiency of 90.6% within 1 h when dealing with tetracycline (a typical antibiotic)-polluted water, remarkably higher than that of the hydrogel without vertically aligned channels (68.6%). Furthermore, the as-formed reactive oxygen species effectively kill Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial in the source water, achieving the all-round water purification. In an outdoor experiment, after 11 h of sunlight irradiation, the tetracycline degradation efficiency and freshwater production of the PCH evaporator rise to 99.0% and 6.2 kg m-2, respectively. This work highlights the novel biomimetic approach to fabricate multifunctional photothermal materials for simultaneous freshwater production and polluted-water remediation.